apa_citation_style_format.txt

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<style xmlns="http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl" class="in-text" version="1.0" demote-non-dropping-particle="never" page-range-format="expanded">
  <info>
    <title>American Psychological Association 7th edition</title>
    <title-short>APA</title-short>
    <id>http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa</id>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa" rel="self"/>
    <link href="http://www.zotero.org/styles/apa-6th-edition" rel="template"/>
    <link href="https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples" rel="documentation"/>
    <author>
      <name>Brenton M. Wiernik</name>
      <email>zotero@wiernik.org</email>
    </author>
    <category citation-format="author-date"/>
    <category field="psychology"/>
    <category field="generic-base"/>
    <updated>2024-07-09T20:08:41+00:00</updated>
    <rights license="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 License</rights>
  </info>
  <locale xml:lang="en">
    <terms>
      <term name="editortranslator" form="short">
        <single>ed. &amp; trans.</single>
        <multiple>eds. &amp; trans.</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="editor-translator" form="short">
        <single>ed. &amp; trans.</single>
        <multiple>eds. &amp; trans.</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="translator" form="short">trans.</term>
      <term name="interviewer" form="short">
        <single>interviewer</single>
        <multiple>interviewers</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="collection-editor" form="short">
        <single>ed.</single>
        <multiple>eds.</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="performer" form="verb">recorded by</term>
      <term name="circa" form="short">ca.</term>
      <term name="bc"> B.C.E.</term>
      <term name="ad"> C.E.</term>
      <term name="issue" form="long">
        <single>issue</single>
        <multiple>issues</multiple>
      </term>
      <term name="software">computer software</term>
      <term name="at" form="long">before the</term>
      <term name="collection">archival collection</term>
      <term name="post">online post</term>
      <term name="at" form="long">before the</term>
      <term name="hearing" form="verb">testimony of</term>
      <term name="review-of" form="long">review of the</term>
      <term name="review-of" form="short">review of</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="da">
    <terms>
      <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="de">
    <terms>
      <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="es">
    <terms>
      <term name="from">de</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="fr">
    <terms>
      <term name="editor" form="short">
        <single>éd.</single>
        <multiple>éds.</multiple>
      </term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="nb">
    <terms>
      <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="nl">
    <terms>
      <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="nn">
    <terms>
      <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  <locale xml:lang="ro">
    <terms>
      <term name="et-al">et al.</term>
    </terms>
  </locale>
  
  
  
  
  
  
  <macro name="author-bib">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <names variable="composer" delimiter=", &amp; ">
        <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
        <substitute>
          <names variable="author"/>
          
          <names variable="illustrator"/>
          
          <choose>
            <if type="broadcast">
              <names variable="script-writer director">
                
                <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
                <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
              </names>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <names variable="director">
            
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          
          <names variable="guest host">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <names variable="producer">
            
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <choose>
            <if variable="container-title">
              <choose>
                <if type="book classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
                  
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="title">
                      <group delimiter=" ">
                        <text macro="title"/>
                        <text macro="parenthetical"/>
                      </group>
                    </if>
                    <else>
                      <text macro="title-and-descriptions"/>
                    </else>
                  </choose>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <names variable="executive-producer">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <names variable="series-creator">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <names variable="editor-translator">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          
          <names variable="editor">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <names variable="editorial-director">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <names variable="compiler">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <choose>
            <if type="event performance speech" match="any">
              <names variable="chair">
                <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
                <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
              </names>
              <names variable="organizer">
                <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
                <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
              </names>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <names variable="curator">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="long" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <names variable="collection-editor">
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
            <label form="short" prefix=" (" suffix=")" text-case="title"/>
          </names>
          <choose>
            <if variable="title">
              
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <text macro="title"/>
                <text macro="parenthetical"/>
              </group>
            </if>
            <else>
              
              <text macro="title-and-descriptions"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </substitute>
      </names>
      <choose>
        
        <if type="book classic collection" match="any">
          <names variable="contributor" prefix="(" suffix=")">
            <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
            <name name-as-sort-order="all" and="symbol" sort-separator=", " initialize-with=". " delimiter=", " delimiter-precedes-last="always"/>
          </names>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author-intext">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" match="any">
        <text macro="title-intext"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="interview personal_communication" match="any">
        <choose>
          
          <if variable="archive container-title DOI publisher URL" match="none">
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <names variable="author">
                <name and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
                <substitute>
                  <text macro="title-intext"/>
                </substitute>
              </names>
              <text term="personal-communication"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <names variable="author" delimiter=", ">
              <name form="short" and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
              <substitute>
                <text macro="title-intext"/>
              </substitute>
            </names>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <names variable="composer" delimiter=" &amp; ">
          <name form="short" and="symbol" delimiter=", " initialize-with=". "/>
          <substitute>
            <names variable="author"/>
            <names variable="illustrator"/>
            
            <choose>
              <if type="broadcast">
                <names variable="script-writer director"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <names variable="director"/>
            
            <names variable="guest host"/>
            <names variable="producer"/>
            <choose>
              <if variable="container-title">
                <choose>
                  <if type="book classic collection entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia" match="any">
                    <text macro="title-intext"/>
                  </if>
                </choose>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <names variable="executive-producer"/>
            <names variable="series-creator"/>
            <names variable="editor"/>
            <names variable="editorial-director"/>
            <names variable="compiler"/>
            <choose>
              <if type="event performance speech" match="any">
                <names variable="chair"/>
                <names variable="organizer"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <names variable="curator"/>
            <text macro="title-intext"/>
          </substitute>
        </names>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="author-sort">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" match="any">
        <text macro="title-legal"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text macro="author-bib"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date-bib">
    <group delimiter=" " prefix="(" suffix=")">
      <choose>
        <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
          <text term="circa" form="short"/>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <group>
        <choose>
          <if variable="issued">
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <group>
                <date variable="issued" date-parts="year" form="numeric"/>
                <text variable="year-suffix"/>
              </group>
              <choose>
                <if type="article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast collection document event interview motion_picture pamphlet performance personal_communication post post-weblog song speech webpage" match="any">
                  
                  <date variable="issued">
                    <date-part name="month"/>
                    <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
                  </date>
                </if>
                <else-if type="paper-conference">
                  
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="none">
                      <date variable="issued">
                        <date-part name="month"/>
                        <date-part name="day" prefix=" "/>
                      </date>
                    </if>
                  </choose>
                </else-if>
                
              </choose>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else-if variable="status">
            <group>
              
              <text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
              <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
            </group>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <text term="no date" form="short"/>
            <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </group>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date-sort">
    
    <choose>
      <if type="article article-journal book chapter entry entry-dictionary entry-encyclopedia dataset figure graphic manuscript map musical_score patent report review review-book thesis" match="any">
        <date variable="issued" date-parts="year" form="numeric"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        
        <choose>
          <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="any">
            <date variable="issued" date-parts="year" form="numeric"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <date variable="issued">
              <date-part name="year" form="long"/>
              <date-part name="month" form="numeric-leading-zeros"/>
              <date-part name="day" form="numeric-leading-zeros"/>
            </date>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <date variable="issued">
          <date-part name="year" form="long"/>
          <date-part name="month" form="numeric-leading-zeros"/>
          <date-part name="day" form="numeric-leading-zeros"/>
        </date>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date-sort-group">
    
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <text value="1"/>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="status">
        <text value="2"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text value="0"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date-intext">
    <choose>
      <if variable="issued">
        <group delimiter="/">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <choose>
              <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
                <text term="circa" form="short"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <date variable="original-date">
              <date-part name="year"/>
            </date>
          </group>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <choose>
              <if is-uncertain-date="issued">
                <text term="circa" form="short"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <group>
              <choose>
                <if type="interview personal_communication" match="any">
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="archive container-title DOI publisher URL" match="none">
                      
                      <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
                    </if>
                    <else>
                      <date variable="issued">
                        <date-part name="year"/>
                      </date>
                    </else>
                  </choose>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <date variable="issued">
                    <date-part name="year"/>
                  </date>
                </else>
              </choose>
              <text variable="year-suffix"/>
            </group>
          </group>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="status">
        
        <text variable="status" text-case="lowercase"/>
        <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text term="no date" form="short"/>
        <text variable="year-suffix" prefix="-"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  
  <macro name="title-and-descriptions">
    <choose>
      <if variable="title">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <text macro="title"/>
          <text macro="parenthetical"/>
          <text macro="bracketed"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <choose>
          <if type="bill report" match="any">
            
            
            <text macro="number"/>
            <text macro="bracketed"/>
            <text macro="parenthetical"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <text macro="bracketed"/>
              <text macro="parenthetical"/>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title">
    <choose>
      <if type="post webpage" match="any">
        
        <text macro="title-plus-part-title" font-style="italic"/>
      </if>
      
      <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book" match="any">
        <text macro="periodical-title"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        
        <choose>
          <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director" match="any">
            <text macro="booklike-title"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="periodical-title"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text macro="booklike-title"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="periodical-title">
    
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title" match="any">
        <text macro="title-plus-part-title"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        
        <text macro="title-plus-part-title" font-style="italic"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="booklike-title">
    
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title" match="any">
        <text variable="title"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        
        <text macro="title-plus-volume-title" font-style="italic"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-plus-part-title">
    <choose>
      <if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
        
        <choose>
          <if variable="reviewed-title" match="none"/>
          <else>
            <group delimiter=": ">
              <text variable="title"/>
              <text macro="part-title"/>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else>
        <group delimiter=": ">
          <text variable="title"/>
          <text macro="part-title"/>
        </group>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="part-title">
    <group delimiter=". ">
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <label variable="part-number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        <text variable="part-number"/>
      </group>
      <text variable="part-title" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-plus-volume-title">
    <group delimiter=": ">
      <text variable="title"/>
      <text macro="volume-title"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="volume-title">
    <group delimiter=": ">
      <choose>
        <if variable="volume-title">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <group delimiter=". ">
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <text variable="volume"/>
              </group>
              <text variable="volume-title"/>
            </group>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else-if is-numeric="volume" match="none">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            <text variable="volume"/>
          </group>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
      
      <text macro="part-title"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-intext">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill report">
        
        
        <choose>
          <if variable="title">
            <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <text variable="genre"/>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <choose>
                  <if variable="chapter-number container-title" match="none">
                    <label variable="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  </if>
                </choose>
                <text variable="number"/>
              </group>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
      <else>
        <choose>
          <if variable="title" match="none">
            <text macro="bracketed-intext"/>
          </if>
          <else-if type="hearing">
            
            <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
          </else-if>
          <else-if type="legal_case" match="any">
            
            <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
          </else-if>
          <else-if type="legislation regulation treaty" match="any">
            
            <text variable="title" form="short" text-case="title"/>
          </else-if>
          <else-if type="post webpage" match="any">
            
            <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
          </else-if>
          <else-if variable="container-title" match="any">
            
            <text variable="title" form="short" quotes="true" text-case="title"/>
          </else-if>
          <else>
            <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="parenthetical">
    
    <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
      <choose>
        <if type="patent">
          
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="authority" form="short"/>
            <choose>
              <if variable="genre">
                <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              </if>
              <else>
                <text term="patent" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <label variable="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              <text variable="number"/>
            </group>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else-if type="post webpage" match="any">
          
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
            <text macro="database-location"/>
            <text macro="number"/>
            <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="report" match="any">
          <choose>
            <if variable="title" match="none">
              
              <group delimiter="; ">
                <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
                <text macro="database-location"/>
                <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
              </group>
            </if>
            
            <else-if variable="container-title">
              <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
            </else-if>
            <else>
              <group delimiter="; ">
                <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
                <text macro="database-location"/>
                <text macro="number"/>
                <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
              </group>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
        <else-if variable="container-title">
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
            <choose>
              <if type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song" match="any">
                
                <text macro="number"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else>
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <text macro="secondary-contributors"/>
            <text macro="database-location"/>
            <text macro="number"/>
            <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="parenthetical-container">
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title" match="any">
        <group prefix="(" suffix=")">
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <text macro="database-location"/>
            <choose>
              <if type="broadcast graphic map motion_picture song" match="none">
                
                <text macro="number"/>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <text macro="locators-booklike"/>
          </group>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="bracketed">
    
    
    <group prefix="[" suffix="]">
      <choose>
        <if variable="reviewed-author reviewed-genre reviewed-title" type="review review-book" match="any">
          <text macro="reviewed-item"/>
        </if>
        <else-if type="thesis">
          
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <choose>
              <if variable="number" match="none">
                <group delimiter=", ">
                  <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="archive DOI URL" match="any">
                      
                      <text variable="publisher"/>
                    </if>
                  </choose>
                </group>
              </if>
            </choose>
            <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if variable="interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
          
          <choose>
            <if variable="title">
              <text macro="format"/>
            </if>
            <else-if variable="genre">
              <group delimiter="; ">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  <group delimiter=" ">
                    <text term="container-author" form="verb"/>
                    <names variable="interviewer">
                      <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                    </names>
                  </group>
                </group>
              </group>
            </else-if>
            <else-if variable="interviewer">
              <group delimiter="; ">
                <names variable="interviewer">
                  <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                </names>
                <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              </group>
            </else-if>
            <else>
              <text macro="format"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="personal_communication">
          
          <choose>
            <if variable="recipient">
              <group delimiter="; ">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="number" match="none">
                      <choose>
                        <if variable="genre">
                          <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        </if>
                        <else-if variable="medium">
                          <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        </else-if>
                        <else>
                          <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        </else>
                      </choose>
                    </if>
                    <else>
                      <choose>
                        <if variable="medium">
                          <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        </if>
                        <else>
                          <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                        </else>
                      </choose>
                    </else>
                  </choose>
                  <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
                    <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                    <name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
                  </names>
                </group>
                <choose>
                  <if variable="genre" match="any">
                    <choose>
                      <if variable="number" match="none">
                        <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                      </if>
                    </choose>
                  </if>
                </choose>
              </group>
            </if>
            <else>
              <text macro="format"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
        <else-if variable="composer" type="song" match="all">
          
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <choose>
              <if variable="number" match="none">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="genre">
                      <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                      <group delimiter=" ">
                        <text term="performer" form="verb"/>
                        <names variable="author">
                          <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                          <substitute>
                            <names variable="performer"/>
                          </substitute>
                        </names>
                      </group>
                    </if>
                    <else-if variable="medium">
                      <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                      <group delimiter=" ">
                        <text term="performer" form="verb"/>
                        <names variable="author">
                          <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                          <substitute>
                            <names variable="performer"/>
                          </substitute>
                        </names>
                      </group>
                    </else-if>
                    <else>
                      <text term="performer" form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                      <names variable="author">
                        <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                        <substitute>
                          <names variable="performer"/>
                        </substitute>
                      </names>
                    </else>
                  </choose>
                </group>
              </if>
              <else>
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <choose>
                    <if variable="medium">
                      <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                      <group delimiter=" ">
                        <text term="performer" form="verb"/>
                        <names variable="author">
                          <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                          <substitute>
                            <names variable="performer"/>
                          </substitute>
                        </names>
                      </group>
                    </if>
                    <else>
                      <text term="performer" form="verb" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                      <names variable="author">
                        <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                        <substitute>
                          <names variable="performer"/>
                        </substitute>
                      </names>
                    </else>
                  </choose>
                </group>
              </else>
            </choose>
            <choose>
              <if variable="genre" match="any">
                <choose>
                  <if variable="number" match="none">
                    <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  </if>
                </choose>
              </if>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if variable="container-title" match="none">
          
          <text macro="format"/>
        </else-if>
        <else>
          
          <choose>
            <if type="event paper-conference performance speech" match="any">
              <choose>
                <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="any">
                  <text macro="format"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </if>
            <else-if type="document report software standard" match="none">
              <text macro="format"/>
            </else-if>
          </choose>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="bracketed-intext">
    <group prefix="[" suffix="]">
      <choose>
        <if variable="reviewed-title" match="any">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text term="review-of" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            <text macro="reviewed-title-intext"/>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else-if variable="interviewer" type="interview" match="any">
          <names variable="interviewer">
            <label form="verb" suffix=" " text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
            <substitute>
              <text macro="format-intext"/>
            </substitute>
          </names>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="personal_communication">
          
          <choose>
            <if variable="recipient">
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <choose>
                  <if variable="number" match="none">
                    <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  </if>
                  <else>
                    <text term="letter" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                  </else>
                </choose>
                <names variable="recipient" delimiter=", ">
                  <label form="verb" suffix=" "/>
                  <name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
                </names>
              </group>
            </if>
            <else>
              <text macro="format-intext"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
        <else>
          <text macro="format-intext"/>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="reviewed-item">
    
    <group delimiter="; ">
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <choose>
            <if variable="reviewed-genre">
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <text term="review-of" form="long" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <text variable="reviewed-genre" text-case="lowercase"/>
              </group>
            </if>
            
            <else-if variable="number" match="none">
              <choose>
                <if variable="genre">
                  <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </if>
                <else-if variable="medium">
                  <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </else-if>
                <else-if type="review-book">
                  <group delimiter=" ">
                    <text term="review-of" form="long" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                    <text term="book" form="long" text-case="lowercase"/>
                  </group>
                </else-if>
                <else>
                  <text term="review-of" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </else-if>
            <else>
              <choose>
                <if variable="medium">
                  <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </if>
                <else-if type="review-book">
                  <group delimiter=" ">
                    <text term="review-of" form="long" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                    <text term="book" form="long" text-case="lowercase"/>
                  </group>
                </else-if>
                <else>
                  <text term="review-of" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </else>
          </choose>
          <text macro="reviewed-title"/>
        </group>
        <names variable="reviewed-author">
          <label form="verb-short" suffix=" "/>
          <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
        </names>
      </group>
      <choose>
        <if variable="genre" match="any">
          <choose>
            <if variable="number" match="none">
              <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="bracketed-container">
    <group prefix="[" suffix="]">
      <choose>
        <if type="event paper-conference performance speech" match="any">
          
          <choose>
            <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="none">
              <text macro="format"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else-if type="software" match="all">
          
          <text macro="format"/>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="document report standard">
          
          <text macro="format"/>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="secondary-contributors">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book" match="any">
        <text macro="secondary-contributors-periodical"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        <choose>
          <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director" match="any">
            <text macro="secondary-contributors-booklike"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="secondary-contributors-periodical"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text macro="secondary-contributors-booklike"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="secondary-contributors-periodical">
    <group delimiter="; ">
      <choose>
        <if variable="title">
          <names variable="interviewer" delimiter="; ">
            <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
            <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
          </names>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <names variable="translator narrator" delimiter="; ">
        <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
        <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
      </names>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="secondary-contributors-booklike">
    <group delimiter="; ">
      <choose>
        <if variable="title">
          <names variable="interviewer">
            <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
            <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
          </names>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <choose>
        <if type="post webpage" match="none">
          
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <names variable="illustrator narrator" delimiter="; ">
              <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
              <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
            </names>
            <choose>
              <if variable="container-title" match="none">
                <group delimiter="; ">
                  <names variable="container-author">
                    <label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="title"/>
                    <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                  </names>
                  <names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
                    <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                    <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
                  </names>
                  <names variable="compiler chair organizer curator series-creator executive-producer" delimiter="; ">
                    <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                    <label form="long" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
                  </names>
                </group>
              </if>
              <else>
                <choose>
                  
                  <if variable="editor-translator" match="none">
                    <names variable="translator" delimiter="; ">
                      <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                      <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
                    </names>
                  </if>
                </choose>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else>
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <names variable="container-author">
              <label form="verb-short" suffix=" " text-case="title"/>
              <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
            </names>
            <names variable="editor translator" delimiter="; ">
              <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
              <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
            </names>
            <names variable="illustrator narrator" delimiter="; ">
              <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
              <label form="short" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
            </names>
            <names variable="compiler chair organizer curator series-creator executive-producer" delimiter="; ">
              <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
              <label form="long" prefix=", " text-case="title"/>
            </names>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="database-location">
    <choose>
      <if variable="archive-place" match="none">
        
        <text variable="archive_location"/>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="number">
    <choose>
      <if variable="number">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="genre" text-case="title"/>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <label variable="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              <text variable="number"/>
            </group>
          </group>
          <choose>
            <if type="thesis">
              <choose>
                
                <if variable="archive DOI URL" match="any">
                  <text variable="publisher"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="locators-booklike">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper broadcast event interview patent performance periodical post post-weblog review review-book speech webpage" match="any"/>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        <choose>
          <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director" match="any">
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <text macro="version"/>
              <text macro="edition"/>
              <text macro="volume-booklike"/>
            </group>
          </if>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <text macro="version"/>
          <text macro="edition"/>
          <text macro="volume-booklike"/>
        </group>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="version">
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <label variable="version" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      <text variable="version"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="edition">
    <choose>
      <if is-numeric="edition">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <number variable="edition" form="ordinal"/>
          <label variable="edition" form="short"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="edition"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="volume-booklike">
    <group delimiter=", ">
      
      <choose>
        <if type="document report standard">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="collection-title" text-case="title"/>
            <text variable="collection-number"/>
          </group>
        </if>
      </choose>
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <label variable="supplement-number" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        <text variable="supplement-number"/>
      </group>
      <choose>
        <if variable="volume" match="any">
          <choose>
            
            <if variable="volume-title"/>
            <else-if is-numeric="volume" match="none"/>
            <else>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <label variable="volume" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <number variable="volume" form="numeric"/>
              </group>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else>
          <group>
            <label variable="number-of-volumes" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first" suffix=" "/>
            <text term="page-range-delimiter" prefix="1"/>
            <number variable="number-of-volumes" form="numeric"/>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <label variable="issue" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        <text variable="issue"/>
      </group>
      <group delimiter=" ">
        <label variable="page" form="short" suffix=" "/>
        <text variable="page"/>
      </group>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="reviewed-title">
    <choose>
      <if variable="reviewed-title">
        
        
        <text variable="reviewed-title" font-style="italic"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        
        <text variable="title" font-style="italic"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="reviewed-title-intext">
    <choose>
      <if variable="reviewed-title">
        
        
        <text variable="reviewed-title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        
        <text variable="title" form="short" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="format">
    <choose>
      <if variable="genre medium" match="any">
        <group delimiter="; ">
          <choose>
            <if variable="number" match="none">
              <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text macro="generic-type-label"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="format-intext">
    <choose>
      <if variable="genre" match="any">
        <text variable="genre" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="medium">
        <text variable="medium" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else>
        <text macro="generic-type-label"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="generic-type-label">
    
    <choose>
      <if type="dataset">
        <text term="dataset" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="software">
        <text term="software" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="interview personal_communication" match="any">
        <choose>
          <if variable="archive container-title DOI publisher URL" match="none">
            <text term="personal-communication" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          </if>
          <else-if type="interview">
            <text term="interview" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          </else-if>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="map">
        <text term="map" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="collection">
        <text term="collection" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="song">
        <text term="song" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="motion_picture">
        <text term="motion_picture" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="post">
        <text term="post" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="review">
        <text term="review" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="review-book">
        <text term="review-book" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="broadcast">
        <text term="broadcast" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="figure">
        <text term="figure" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="graphic">
        <text term="graphic" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  
  <macro name="container">
    <choose>
      <if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book" match="any">
        
        <text macro="container-periodical"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="paper-conference">
        
        <choose>
          <if variable="editor editorial-director collection-editor container-author" match="any">
            <text macro="container-booklike"/>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text macro="container-periodical"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="post webpage" match="none">
        
        <text macro="container-booklike"/>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-periodical">
    <group delimiter=". ">
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text variable="container-title" font-style="italic" text-case="title"/>
        <choose>
          <if variable="volume">
            <group>
              <text variable="volume" font-style="italic"/>
              <text variable="issue" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="issue" font-style="italic"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
        <choose>
          <if variable="number">
            
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <text term="article-locator" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              <text variable="number"/>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="page"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </group>
      <choose>
        <if variable="issued">
          <choose>
            <if variable="issue number page volume" match="none">
              
              <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </if>
      </choose>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-booklike">
    <choose>
      <if variable="container-title" match="any">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <choose>
            <if type="song">
              <text term="on" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <text term="in" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
          <group delimiter=", ">
            <names variable="executive-producer">
              <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
              <label form="long" text-case="title" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
              <substitute>
                <names variable="series-creator"/>
                <names variable="editor-translator">
                  <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                  <label form="short" text-case="title" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
                </names>
                
                <names variable="editor">
                  <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                  <label form="short" text-case="title" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
                </names>
                <names variable="editorial-director">
                  <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                  <label form="short" text-case="title" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
                </names>
                <names variable="compiler"/>
                <choose>
                  <if type="event performance speech" match="any">
                    <names variable="chair"/>
                    <names variable="organizer"/>
                  </if>
                </choose>
                <names variable="curator"/>
                <names variable="collection-editor">
                  <name and="symbol" initialize-with=". " delimiter=", "/>
                  <label form="short" text-case="title" prefix=" (" suffix=")"/>
                </names>
                <names variable="container-author"/>
              </substitute>
            </names>
            <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
              <text variable="container-title"/>
              <text macro="volume-title"/>
            </group>
          </group>
          <text macro="parenthetical-container"/>
          <text macro="bracketed-container"/>
        </group>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="publisher">
    <group delimiter="; ">
      <choose>
        <if type="thesis">
          <choose>
            <if variable="archive DOI URL" match="none">
              <text variable="publisher"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </if>
        <else-if type="post webpage" match="any">
          
          <group delimiter="; ">
            <text variable="container-title" text-case="title"/>
            <text variable="publisher"/>
          </group>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="paper-conference">
          
          <choose>
            <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director" match="any">
              <text variable="publisher"/>
            </if>
          </choose>
        </else-if>
        <else-if type="article-journal article-magazine article-newspaper periodical post-weblog review review-book" match="none">
          <text variable="publisher"/>
        </else-if>
      </choose>
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <choose>
          <if variable="archive-place">
            
            
            
            <choose>
              <if variable="archive_collection">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text variable="archive_collection"/>
                  <text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                </group>
                <text variable="archive"/>
                <text variable="archive-place"/>
              </if>
              <else>
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <text variable="archive"/>
                  <text variable="archive_location" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
                </group>
                <text variable="archive-place"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </if>
          <else>
            <text variable="archive"/>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </group>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="access">
    <choose>
      <if variable="DOI" match="any">
        <text variable="DOI" prefix="https://doi.org/"/>
      </if>
      <else-if variable="URL">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <choose>
            <if variable="issued status" match="none">
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <text term="retrieved" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <date variable="accessed" form="text" suffix=","/>
                <text term="from"/>
              </group>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <text variable="URL"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="event">
    <choose>
      <if variable="event event-title" match="any">
        
        <choose>
          <if type="paper-conference">
            <choose>
              <if variable="collection-editor compiler editor editorial-director issue page volume" match="none">
                
                <group delimiter=", ">
                  <text macro="event-title"/>
                  <text variable="event-place"/>
                </group>
              </if>
            </choose>
          </if>
          <else>
            
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <text macro="event-title"/>
              <text variable="event-place"/>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="event-title">
    <choose>
      
      <if variable="event-title">
        <text variable="event-title"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <text variable="event"/>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  
  <macro name="publication-history">
    <choose>
      <if type="patent">
        <text variable="references" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
      </if>
      <else>
        <group delimiter="; " prefix="(" suffix=")">
          
          <choose>
            <if variable="issued">
              <choose>
                <if variable="issue number page volume" match="any">
                  <text variable="status" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
            </if>
          </choose>
          <choose>
            <if variable="references">
              
              <text variable="references"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <text term="original-work-published" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <choose>
                  <if is-uncertain-date="original-date">
                    <text term="circa" form="short"/>
                  </if>
                </choose>
                <date variable="original-date">
                  <date-part name="year"/>
                </date>
              </group>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </else>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  
  <macro name="legal-cites">
    
    
    
    
    
    
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <choose>
        <if type="treaty">
          <group delimiter=", " suffix=".">
            
            
            <names variable="author">
              <name initialize-with="." form="short" delimiter="-"/>
            </names>
            <text macro="date-legal"/>
            
            <text macro="container-legal"/>
          </group>
        </if>
        <else>
          <group delimiter=" " suffix=".">
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <text macro="title-legal"/>
              <text macro="container-legal"/>
            </group>
            <text macro="date-legal"/>
            <text macro="parenthetical-legal"/>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <text variable="references"/>
      <text macro="access"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <macro name="title-legal">
    <choose>
      <if type="bill legal_case legislation regulation treaty" match="any">
        <text variable="title" text-case="title"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="hearing">
        
        <group delimiter=": " font-style="italic">
          <text variable="title" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text term="hearing" form="long" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <group delimiter=" ">
                
                <text term="on"/>
                <text variable="number"/>
              </group>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                
                <text term="at" form="long"/>
                <text variable="section"/>
              </group>
            </group>
          </group>
        </group>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="date-legal">
    <choose>
      <if type="treaty">
        <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
      </if>
      <else-if type="legal_case">
        <group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="authority"/>
          <choose>
            <if variable="container-title" match="any">
              
              <date variable="issued" form="numeric" date-parts="year"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              
              <date variable="issued" form="text"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="bill hearing legislation regulation" match="any">
        <group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <date variable="original-date">
              <date-part name="year"/>
            </date>
            <text term="and" form="symbol"/>
          </group>
          <choose>
            <if variable="issued">
              
              <date variable="issued">
                <date-part name="year"/>
              </date>
            </if>
            <else>
              
              <date variable="submitted" form="text"/>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="container-legal">
    
    <choose>
      <if type="treaty">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <number variable="volume"/>
          <text variable="container-title"/>
          <choose>
            <if variable="page page-first" match="any">
              <text variable="page-first"/>
            </if>
            <else>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <label variable="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <text variable="number"/>
              </group>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if type="legal_case">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <choose>
            <if variable="container-title">
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <text variable="volume"/>
                <text variable="container-title"/>
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <label variable="section" form="symbol"/>
                  <text variable="section"/>
                </group>
                <choose>
                  <if variable="page page-first" match="any">
                    <text variable="page-first"/>
                  </if>
                  <else>
                    <text value="___"/>
                  </else>
                </choose>
              </group>
            </if>
            <else>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <label variable="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                <text variable="number"/>
              </group>
            </else>
          </choose>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="bill">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="genre"/>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <choose>
                
                <if variable="chapter-number container-title" match="none">
                  
                  <label variable="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
                </if>
              </choose>
              <text variable="number"/>
            </group>
          </group>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="authority"/>
            
            <text variable="chapter-number"/>
          </group>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="volume"/>
            <text variable="container-title"/>
            <text variable="page-first"/>
          </group>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="hearing">
        <group delimiter=" ">
          <text variable="authority"/>
          
          <text variable="chapter-number"/>
        </group>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="legislation">
        <choose>
          <if variable="number">
            
            <group delimiter=", ">
              <text variable="number" prefix="Pub. L. No. "/>
              <group delimiter=" ">
                <text variable="volume"/>
                <text variable="container-title"/>
                <text variable="page-first"/>
              </group>
            </group>
          </if>
          <else>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <text variable="volume"/>
              <text variable="container-title"/>
              <choose>
                <if variable="section">
                  <group delimiter=" ">
                    <label variable="section" form="symbol"/>
                    <text variable="section"/>
                  </group>
                </if>
                <else>
                  <text variable="page-first"/>
                </else>
              </choose>
            </group>
          </else>
        </choose>
      </else-if>
      <else-if type="regulation">
        <group delimiter=", ">
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="genre"/>
            <group delimiter=" ">
              <label variable="number" form="short" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
              <text variable="number"/>
            </group>
          </group>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <text variable="volume"/>
            <text variable="container-title"/>
            <choose>
              <if variable="section">
                <group delimiter=" ">
                  <label variable="section" form="symbol"/>
                  <text variable="section"/>
                </group>
              </if>
              <else>
                <text variable="page-first"/>
              </else>
            </choose>
          </group>
        </group>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="parenthetical-legal">
    <choose>
      <if type="hearing">
        <group prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter=" ">
          
          <text term="hearing" form="verb"/>
          <names variable="author">
            <name and="symbol" delimiter=", "/>
          </names>
        </group>
      </if>
      <else-if type="bill legislation regulation" match="any">
        
        <text variable="status" prefix="(" suffix=")"/>
      </else-if>
    </choose>
  </macro>
  <macro name="citation-locator">
    
    <group delimiter=" ">
      <choose>
        <if locator="page paragraph" match="any">
          <label variable="locator" form="short"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <label variable="locator" text-case="capitalize-first"/>
        </else>
      </choose>
      <text variable="locator"/>
    </group>
  </macro>
  <citation et-al-min="3" et-al-use-first="1" disambiguate-add-year-suffix="true" disambiguate-add-names="true" disambiguate-add-givenname="true" collapse="year" givenname-disambiguation-rule="primary-name-with-initials">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author-sort" names-min="3" names-use-first="1"/>
      <key macro="date-sort-group" sort="ascending"/>
      <key macro="date-sort" sort="ascending"/>
      <key variable="status"/>
    </sort>
    <layout prefix="(" suffix=")" delimiter="; ">
      <group delimiter=", ">
        <text macro="author-intext"/>
        <text macro="date-intext"/>
        <text macro="citation-locator"/>
      </group>
    </layout>
  </citation>
  <bibliography hanging-indent="true" et-al-min="21" et-al-use-first="19" et-al-use-last="true" entry-spacing="0" line-spacing="2">
    <sort>
      <key macro="author-sort"/>
      <key macro="date-sort-group" sort="ascending"/>
      <key macro="date-sort" sort="ascending"/>
      <key variable="status"/>
      <key macro="title"/>
    </sort>
    <layout>
      <choose>
        <if type="bill hearing legal_case legislation regulation treaty" match="any">
          
          <text macro="legal-cites"/>
        </if>
        <else>
          <group delimiter=" ">
            <group delimiter=". " suffix=".">
              <text macro="author-bib"/>
              <text macro="date-bib"/>
              <text macro="title-and-descriptions"/>
              <text macro="container"/>
              <text macro="event"/>
              <text macro="publisher"/>
            </group>
            <text macro="access"/>
            <text macro="publication-history"/>
          </group>
        </else>
      </choose>
    </layout>
  </bibliography>
</style>

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apa_citation_style_format.txtTXT

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